Author: Mr. Charalambos Papasavvas
Advocate – Legal Consultant
Managing Partner of PAPASAVVAS & LISKAVIDOU LLC
Founder of RELOTECH EXPERTS
Founder of NEOCOURSES INNOVATION CENTER
Recent Developments – The new Cyprus tax residency application form
Amid global shifts toward clarity and openness in international taxation, the Cyprus tax authorities have bolstered the integrity and legitimacy of Cyprus Tax Residence Certificates by rolling out a detailed Questionnaire-Checklist Form for certificate applications.
Announced on October 30, 2015, via a circular from the Cyprus Inland Revenue, this update introduced the mandatory New Form T.D. 98 for legal entities seeking tax residency certificates. Additional details might be requested by the tax office, with officers reaching out to applicants as needed.
This new form aims to reinforce the Substance criterion as a core pillar for Cyprus companies.
Legal entities must provide the Cyprus Tax Office with details such as:
● Confirmation if the company is solely tax resident in Cyprus.
● If tax resident elsewhere too, proof from the other jurisdiction.
● Details on whether most Board of Directors’ meetings occur in Cyprus, if minutes are drafted and stored there, whether most board members are Cyprus tax residents, and if shareholders’ meetings happen in Cyprus.
● Evidence that the Board of Directors controls and decides key operational and policy matters.
● Information on any issued general Powers of Attorney, including their terms.
● Proof that the company’s corporate seal, statutory records, and books are kept in Cyprus, whether local representatives handle filing and reporting, and if business or asset-related agreements are signed in Cyprus.
● Updates on whether all required tax returns are filed and self-assessments for due tax years are paid.
Thus, obtaining a Cyprus tax residency certificate involves aligning all these factors with the traits of a Cyprus tax-resident entity, making it a complex process.
The Management & Control notion and the actual Economic Substance
A Cyprus company’s tax residency hinges on the “Management and Control” concept. Without a strict definition for establishing this, consider these factors:
● Most company Directors reside in Cyprus.
● The company’s headquarters are located in Cyprus.
● Critical decisions are made in Cyprus by local directors—ideally, the Memorandum and Articles of Association permit only Special Powers of Attorney (SPoA) rather than general ones, with SPoAs specifying precise tasks (e.g., a specific deal in a defined scope). This ensures Directors, appointed by shareholders, retain oversight of operations.
● The company demonstrates economic substance in Cyprus.
Economic substance is increasingly critical, with more nations emphasizing the “substance over form” principle.
Defining universal steps to boost substance is challenging, as it’s not a one-size-fits-all task. It requires strategic planning and expert tax guidance, factoring in:
● The company’s nature, operations, and its Group affiliation.
● The Group’s business strategy.
● The Group’s legal and management framework.
● The location of the Group’s head office, to understand its tax authority’s stance and rules.
● The country where the investment occurs.
Since structures range from trading to IP, intra-group financing, or holding setups, each demands a tailored focus.
Common substance traits for Cyprus companies, often cited by tax advisors, include:
● A genuine physical presence in Cyprus, via an owned office or leased space in a business center.
● Staff working part- or full-time at the company’s premises.
● Dedicated phone, fax, internet lines, plus a website and email addresses.
● At least one bank account with a Cyprus bank, managed by a Cypriot board member.
● Proper accounting records kept in Cyprus, with prompt annual Audited Financial Statements, tax return filings, and payment of taxes due.
These are general pointers, as enhancing substance demands a customized approach per case.
The Cyprus tax authorities also reject transactions lacking “substance over form” or not adhering to the “arm’s-length principle.”
If you think your organization qualifies for Cyprus tax resident status, reach out for further
guidance.
